Technology Related
Related technologies
PCIe
Leading the AI Computing Power Era: iFibre Technology – Your Official Certification and Testing Expert
In AI server architectures that pursue extreme bandwidth and ultra-low latency, PCIe has become the mainstream technology for high-speed transmission interfaces. This includes CPU to GPU, CPU to NIC (Network Interface Card), CPU to DPU/NPU/TPU, and CPU to SSD (NVMe storage) within the server rack.
iPasslabs is an officially authorized PCIe certification laboratory by PCI-SIG, specializing in high-speed transmission and recognized as a leading PCIe testing expert in the industry. We are not only a core member of the PCI-SIG Specification Working Group, but also the designated Gold Suite partner for each quarterly PCI-SIG workshop.
We offer comprehensive PCIe verification services to help your products quickly meet standards and gain a competitive edge in the market:
Official Compliance Test: Provides standard official certification services for PCIe 4.0 and PCIe 5.0.
Pre-test Service: Covering PCIe 1.0 to the latest generation PCIe 6.0. Assisting you in identifying signal integrity issues early on before formal certification, improving R&D efficiency.
New Challenges in PCIe 6.0 Validation – Compared to PCIe 5.0, PCIe 6.0 validation requires two additional key electrical characteristic tests:
1. RLM (Ratio of Level Mismatch): Measures the degree of level mismatch in PAM4 signals. The distances between the four levels (0, 1, 2, 3) must be highly consistent to ensure accurate signal decoding. However, due to hardware design flaws or transmission losses, level mismatches often occur. The RLM metric precisely detects the degree of this mismatch, assisting engineers in optimizing circuit design and ensuring reliable signal transmission.
2. SNDR (Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio): SNDR is a comprehensive metric representing the ratio of the original signal to all noise and distortion components. In the ultra-high frequency environment of PCIe 6.0, even small signal jitter can be amplified. **A higher SNDR value indicates better signal quality and less relative noise and distortion.**
Our professional team helps clients provide solutions for various PCIe technology architectures (continuously updated):
Test services for PCIe 6.0
Add In Card
- PLL Loop Bandwidth
- Transmitter Jitter
- PCI Express 6.0 Transmitter Signal Quality
- PCI Express 6.0 Link Equalization Testing
- Configuration Space
- Link and Transaction Layer
- Lane margining
- SNDR
- PLM
- Interoperability Test (official test needed)
System
- PCI Express 6.0 Transmitter Signal Quality
- PCI Express 6.0 Link Equalization Testing
- Ref Clock
- Configuration Space
- Lane margining
- RLM
- Interoperability Test (official test needed)
Test services for PCIe 5.0
Add In Card
- PLL Loop Bandwidth
- Transmitter Jitter
- PCI Express 5.0 Transmitter Signal Quality
- PCI Express 5.0 Link Equalization Testing
- Configuration Space
- Link and Transaction Layer
- Lane margining
- Interoperability Test (official test needed)
System
- PCI Express 5.0 Transmitter Signal Quality
- PCI Express 5.0 Link Equalization Testing
- Ref Clock
- Configuration Space
- Interoperability Functional Testing
- Lane margining
- Interoperability Test (official test needed)
| Revision | Max Data Rate | Encoding | Signaling | Solutions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCIe 1.0 (2003) | 2.5 GT/s | 8b/10b | NRZ | TX/PLL |
| PCIe 2.0 (2007) | 5.0 GT/s | 8b/10b | NRZ | TX/PLL |
| PCIe 3.0 (2010) | 8.0 GT/s | 128b/130b | NRZ | RX/TX/PLL/Protocol |
| PCIe 4.0 (2017) | 16.0 GT/s | 128b/130b | NRZ | RX/TX/PLL/Protocol |
| PCIe 5.0 (2019) | 32.0 GT/s | 128b/130b | NRZ | RX/TX/PLL/Protocol |
| PCIe 6.0 (2023) | 64.0 GT/s | 1b/1b(Flit Mode) | PAM4 |
*the PCIe 5.0 Base Specification is backwards compatible with lower-speed PCIe Base Specifications.
TX
Lecroy LABMASTER 10-50ZI-A
Tektronix DPO70000SX
Keysight UXR70G
RX
Anritsu MP1900A 32G NRZ BERT
Tektronix BERTScope BSX
Anritsu MP1900A PAM4 BERT
Protocol
Lecroy Summit T516 Protocol Analyzer
“The Summit T516 PCI Express (PCIe) 5.0 and Compute Express Link (CXL) Protocol Analyzer, the first protocol analyzer to capture x16 link width at 32GT/s for capturing, recording, and analysis of high performance devices and systems.”
Others
Tektronix MSO6-4G (Clock Measurement)
